Integration and breakthrough of 5G Red Cap technology With the rapid development of 5G technology, the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) has gradually penetrated into all walks of life, bringing great convenience to people's life and work. In this process, 5G RedCap industrial routers, with their unique advantages, have become an important force to promote the development of Internet of Things applications. Next, 5G RedCap industrial routers will be popular science and take you to understand their important role in the field of Internet of Things. 5G RedCap, or 5G Reduced Capability, is a 5G lightweight user terminal type proposed in 3GPP Rel-17. It greatly reduces the cost of 5G chips, modules and terminals by reducing terminal bandwidth, reducing the number of transceiver antennas, and reducing the number of modulation steps. At the same time, RedCap's 5G based system can be combined with 5G slicing, 5G LAN, high-precision timing, URLLC and other 5G enhancement functions on demand to meet the enhancement needs of different fields of 5G industry applications. RedCap is mainly aimed at industrial wireless sensors, video surveillance and wearable devices, and can meet these business needs while significantly reducing the cost of 5G chips, modules and terminals.4G industrial router Features of 5G Red Cap industrial routers High speed: 5G RedCap offers a higher peak data rate than traditional 4G technology, enabling industrial routers to meet applications that require higher data throughput, such as video surveillance or smart grid monitoring.5G Industrial Router Low latency: 5G RedCap technology has lower latency and is capable of supporting applications that require near-real-time data communication, such as industrial automation and smart grid applications. Low cost: The RedCap system defines a more simplified set of communication rules, which significantly reduces the hardware complexity of RedCap terminals, and significantly reduces the cost compared with the current 5G standard terminals, which can reduce the cost by more than 60% to 70%. Strong stability: 5G RedCap routers for industrial-grade applications are generally more stable than civilian-grade routers and better able to adapt to continuous work in harsh climates. Application scenarios of 5G Red Cap industrial routers Industrial automation: 5G RedCap industrial router can network with CNC machine tools, PLC and other production equipment, build a comprehensive data exchange platform for workshop production site, and realize the automatic monitoring and management of the production process.IOT gateway Energy monitoring: In the energy sector, RedCap industrial routers can collect real-time operating data of power equipment to help power companies with energy management and scheduling. Intelligent logistics: RedCap industrial routers can support the interconnection of intelligent logistics equipment such as AGV/AMR to achieve intelligent management of logistics processes. Public safety: In the field of public safety, RedCap industrial routers can support video surveillance, intelligent inspection and other applications to improve the level of public safety. In summary, 5G RedCap industrial routers play an important role in the Internet of Things with their advantages of low cost, high efficiency, wide band support, high reliability and stability, low latency and high real-time performance, easy integration and management, and flexibility and scalability. In the future, with the continuous development of technology and the expansion of application scenarios, 5G RedCap industrial routers will continue to promote the development and innovation of Internet of Things applications.

The background of the emergence of 6G AI data services With the continuous maturity of AI technology and the continuous enrichment of application scenarios, AI applications represented by deep learning have radiated from pan C-end fields such as consumption and the Internet to traditional industries such as manufacturing, security and medical care. The large-scale implementation of AI technology innovation and application has driven the vigorous development of the big data intelligent market, and also injected market vitality into data services. 5G has opened up the scene connection of the Internet of Things, connecting thousands of industries to mobile communication networks, bringing new scenarios and ubiquitous data. One of the functions of 6G networks is to empower AI capabilities to applications and scenarios in various fields based on ubiquitous big data, creating an "intelligent ubiquitous" world through wide area coverage and intelligent adaptation to scenarios. Therefore, 6G networks require the construction of endogenous, ubiquitous, and distributed AI capabilities [1]. In the 6G network, endogenous intelligence can utilize AI algorithms internally to improve network performance, enhance user experience and efficiency, and provide various support capabilities for AI externally, making AI training/inference more efficient and real-time. It can extract and encapsulate network intelligence, serving customers in different industries. There will be a wide variety of AI model data and training data in the new 6G system, which need to be able to interact and share among various network element nodes in different network architectures. With the commercialization of the AI industry, the demand for more forward-looking dataset products and highly customized data services will become mainstream. Mobile communication networks, as producers and consumers of data, are transforming from carriers of data to data platforms with trustworthy control and value mining. The existing communication networks represented by 5G serve as the "pipeline" for communication session data transmission, only playing the role of establishing information exchange paths between terminal devices and networks. But as endogenous perception and intelligence become the fundamental capabilities of 6G networks, distributed and ubiquitous computing power and data become new network service capabilities beyond communication connections. Unlike point-to-point transmission of communication session data, the challenge faced by processing intelligent, perceptual, and network operation generated and consumed data is the need for a distributed method for data collection, preprocessing, storage, and analysis. To this end, it is necessary to design a data service architecture independent of traditional user side, systematically solving the challenges of 6G mobile communication networks in controlling and realizing the value of non user side data. The Value and Potential of 6G AI Data Services Endogenous perception and intelligence will be the two main new capabilities of 6G networks. The former generates massive amounts of data, while the latter makes automatic decisions based on data to improve network performance or provide services to upper level applications. Thanks to the tremendous success of big data technology and artificial intelligence, its application in wireless networks is becoming increasingly mature. According to Huawei's forecast, the total annual data generated globally by 2030 The quantity will reach 1YB, an increase of 23 times compared to 2020. The realization of the value of a large amount of data requires the use of intelligent analysis algorithms, and the true value of data depends on its liquidity and data collaboration. Therefore, privacy protection and open sharing of data are important mechanisms for achieving data flow and reflecting value; The owner or provider of data can only realize value realization by providing data to data consumers in the form of a service. Unlike the general realization of asset value, data realization is not a one-time transaction and requires To ensure the realization of duplicate value realization of data under privacy protection. For network AI, an AI model trained on a large amount of training data is the value presentation of a large amount of data after algorithm mining, and it is also an important intellectual property that needs to be protected.

Perception and intelligence will be the two major endogenous capabilities of 6G networks. The former generates massive amounts of data, while the latter makes automatic decisions based on data to improve network performance or provide services to upper level applications. 6G endogenous intelligence can utilize artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to improve network performance, enhance user experience and efficiency, while leveraging ubiquitous computing power and data to provide multiple support capabilities for AI, achieving efficient AI training/inference, extraction and encapsulation of network intelligence, and serving different industries and applications. The existing mobile communication network uses user side session as the "pipeline" for data transmission, integrating single point technology to achieve data processing, data supervision, and security privacy protection, providing specific data service capabilities for intelligent applications. However, it lacks a normalized data service framework and faces many challenges in data governance. In the 6G era where computing power and data are ubiquitous, new perception and intelligence, as well as their enabled intelligent applications, will bring new types of data. Moreover, the value inherent in the data itself needs to be explored and provided to data consumers both inside and outside the network in the form of services. This white paper is based on the characteristics of 6G endogenous intelligence and perception, as well as distributed computing power and data. It proposes a data carrying mechanism, data orchestration, and service architecture design independent of traditional user interfaces. It introduces a 6G data carrying mechanism with on-demand processing and arbitrary topology support, describes the functional architecture and key enabling technologies of the data interface, and finally presents typical application scenarios of data services. The background of the emergence of 6G AI data services With the continuous maturity of AI technology and the continuous enrichment of application scenarios, AI applications represented by deep learning have radiated from pan C-end fields such as consumption and the Internet to traditional industries such as manufacturing, security and medical care. The large-scale implementation of AI technology innovation and application has driven the vigorous development of the big data intelligent market, and also injected market vitality into data services. 5G has opened up the scene connection of the Internet of Things, connecting thousands of industries to mobile communication networks, bringing new scenarios and ubiquitous data. One of the functions of 6G networks is to empower AI capabilities to applications and scenarios in various fields based on ubiquitous big data, creating an "intelligent ubiquitous" world through wide area coverage and intelligent adaptation to scenarios. Therefore, 6G networks require the construction of endogenous, ubiquitous, and distributed AI capabilities [1]. In the 6G network, endogenous intelligence can utilize AI algorithms internally to improve network performance, enhance user experience and efficiency, and provide various support capabilities for AI externally, making AI training/inference more efficient and real-time. It can extract and encapsulate network intelligence, serving customers in different industries. There will be a wide variety of AI model data and training data in the new 6G system, which need to be able to interact and share among various network element nodes in different network architectures. With the commercialization of the AI industry, the demand for more forward-looking dataset products and highly customized data services will become mainstream. Mobile communication networks, as producers and consumers of data, are transforming from carriers of data to data platforms with trustworthy control and value mining. The existing communication networks represented by 5G serve as the "pipeline" for communication session data transmission, only playing the role of establishing information exchange paths between terminal devices and networks. But as endogenous perception and intelligence become the fundamental capabilities of 6G networks, distributed and ubiquitous computing power and data become new network service capabilities beyond communication connections. Unlike point-to-point transmission of communication session data, the challenge faced by processing intelligent, perceptual, and network operation generated and consumed data is the need for a distributed method for data collection, preprocessing, storage, and analysis. To this end, it is necessary to design a data service architecture independent of traditional user side, systematically solving the challenges of 6G mobile communication networks in controlling and realizing the value of non user side data. The Value and Potential of 6G AI Data Services Endogenous perception and intelligence will be the two main new capabilities of 6G networks. The former generates massive amounts of data, while the latter makes automatic decisions based on data to improve network performance or provide services to upper level applications. Thanks to the tremendous success of big data technology and artificial intelligence, its application in wireless networks is becoming increasingly mature. According to Huawei's forecast, the total annual data generated globally by 2030 The quantity will reach 1YB, an increase of 23 times compared to 2020. The realization of the value of a large amount of data requires the use of intelligent analysis algorithms, and the true value of data depends on its liquidity and data collaboration. Therefore, privacy protection and open sharing of data are important mechanisms for achieving data flow and reflecting value; The owner or provider of data can only realize value realization by providing data to data consumers in the form of a service. Unlike the general realization of asset value, data realization is not a one-time transaction and requires To ensure the realization of duplicate value realization of data under privacy protection. For network AI, an AI model trained on a large amount of training data is the value presentation of a large amount of data after algorithm mining, and it is also an important intellectual property that needs to be protected. Definition of 6G AI Data Services From different dimensions such as data sources, application scope, temporal variability of data generation, privacy protection requirements, storage requirements, etc., data in 6G networks can be divided into user contract data, network data, perception data, and AI data [2]. The AI data includes test data, input data, intermediate data, output data such as models, gradients, confidence levels, vectors, etc. that are passed and used in the training and inference process of distributed network AI. 6G AI data services are based on a framework of data collection, preprocessing, distribution, analysis, and publishing, meeting the requirements of data regulatory laws and regulations, and providing data as a service product. Meet the real-time data needs of customers across systems, be able to reuse and comply with enterprise and industrial standards, and balance data sharing and security. It will integrate and process the aggregated internal and external data, de privacy processing, and standardize packaging to form external data services. Through standardized data service methods, it will provide open services to 6G endogenous AI networks and external third-party users, and realize the asset value of the data. The types of AI data services include providing raw or preprocessed data for training or inference, data analysis, data storage, data security and privacy protection, data sharing and trading, data tracing, synthetic data, etc. The subject of data services can be terminals, various devices in the network, etc., and the object can also be terminals, network devices, and external third-party users.

RedCap (Reduced Capability) refers to the ability to reduce. It is a new technology standard protocol specially launched by 3GPP in the 5G R17 stage for 5G application scenarios with low speed and latency requirements. It aims to comprehensively improve the quality and coverage of 5G networks, and can also be understood as "lightweight 5G". 5G is divided into three major application scenarios: eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband), uRLLC (Low latency and high reliability communication), and mMTC (Massive Internet of Things communication). EMBB is an upgrade of 4G MBB (Mobile Broadband), mainly focusing on network speed, bandwidth capacity, spectrum efficiency and other indicators. While uRLLC focuses on reliability and delay, mMTC focuses on the number of connections and energy consumption, and both serve the industrial Internet, including industrial manufacturing, Internet of Vehicles, remote meter reading and other vertical industries. However, different application scenarios in the Internet of Things require different network capabilities. For example, in terms of speed, VR/AR and high-definition broadcasting require high-speed connections; Remote meter reading and sharing devices only need to synchronize data, which can be achieved at low speeds. In addition to speed, there are many application scenarios that are more concerned about power consumption and cost. The complete version of 5G terminal chips and modules has extremely complex designs, extremely high research and development barriers, and huge investment costs. The high price has also affected the landing of 5G in the vertical industry. So, 5G needs to establish a lightweight version to meet the application scenarios of medium and medium high speed requirements, reduce the deployment and usage costs of 5G, and accelerate the commercial landing of 5G. So, there was RedCap. 5G RedCap can support lower complexity 5G devices, and is between eMBB and LPWAN in terms of bandwidth, power consumption, antenna design, and cost. It effectively balances the capabilities of 5G large broadband, high-speed, wide connectivity, and low latency, meeting the networking needs of differentiated industries. The characteristics of RedCap Low cost: RedCap devices in the frequency band below 6 GHz have a maximum bandwidth requirement reduced to 20 MHz. RedCap reduces the required number of receiving antennas and device layers, supporting 1R or 2R, greatly reducing the cost of 5G device chipsets and modules. It is estimated that the cost of RedCap components is 5 times lower than that of eMBB components, and the price of large-scale commercial components can be comparable to Cat 4 components. High capacity and efficient coexistence: RedCap devices can run on a 5G network through separate initial BWP (Bandwidth Part) and synchronized independent signals defined by the cell, and can coexist efficiently with eMBB devices, fully leveraging the advantages of 5G's high bandwidth and large capacity (compared to 4G). High integration: RedCap data can have the ability to transmit and receive data at different frequencies, making connections easier to integrate and devices tend to be smaller. Multi functional: low latency, slicing, positioning, low power consumption, etc.

On December 26th, Huawei held a press conference on the Wenjie M9 and Huawei's winter full scenario. At the meeting, Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch Collector's Edition, Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch Star Flash Package, and Huawei MatePad Pro 11-inch Star Flash Package were showcased in turn. Finally, the emergence of Huawei Smart Magnetic Keyboard (Star Flash Edition) announced that Huawei tablets were the first to complete the closed loop of the Star Flash ecosystem in professional creation and mobile office settings. In my opinion, this is a small step for Huawei, but it is a big step in the era of Starflash. We are very much looking forward to more Starflash products being launched in the future. The Huawei tablet flash product released this time. In my opinion, the most noteworthy among them is the Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch Collector's Edition. It is understood that this version includes four products and peripherals that support star flash connection, including the MatePad Pro 13.2-inch tablet, the industry's first star flash keyboard Huawei Smart Magnetic Keyboard (Star Flash Edition), HUAWEI M-Pencil (third-generation) stylus, and Freebuds Pro 3 earphones. Among them, the Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch is currently the largest Huawei flagship tablet in terms of screen size. In addition to having an ultra-high screen to body ratio of 94%, the body weight is also extremely light and thin, weighing 580g but with a thickness of only 5.5mm. With the support of star flash devices such as the HUAWEI M-Pencil (third-generation) stylus and Huawei Smart Magnetic Keyboard (star flash version), its usability is no less than that of some lightweight laptops, making it a versatile office product. The newly released Huawei Smart Magnetic Keyboard (Star Flash Edition) has also brought an unexpected experience. Compared to typical Bluetooth keyboards, the Huawei Smart Magnetic Keyboard (Star Flash Edition) has greatly improved input latency, basically achieving "what you type is what you see". At the same time, the star flashing technology has brought a higher sending rate, making the sliding of the touchpad smoother. The high packet sending rate brought by the star flashing technology has increased the frame rate of the cursor display from the original 88Hz to 120Hz. When fingers move and select on the touchpad, the cursor response is faster and more accurate, and the operating experience is smoother. When paired with the Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch, you no longer have to worry about awkward disconnection in environments such as cafes and high-speed rail stations when working outside. The star flash technology significantly improves anti-interference performance, allowing you to work with peace of mind no matter where you are. With the support of star flashing technology, the HUAWEI M-Pencil (third-generation) handwriting pen has made significant progress in connection quality, and has also increased the frequency of pressure sensing collection and transmission by 6 times, making its texture more delicate and closer to real strokes when used. It can also achieve clean and neat writing in complex writing scenarios such as connected and hooked strokes. It can be said that it is truly the first touch handwriting pen in the tablet industry with a pressure sensing writing experience of over 10000 levels. Finally, paired with Huawei Freebuds Pro 3 earphones, you can quickly join meetings even when you're out, without worrying about disconnection, bringing excellent call quality. Compared to attending the conference on mobile phones, the Huawei MatePad Pro with a 13.2-inch display area allows for easy display of PPT details; For lightweight laptops that often weigh 1kg, the Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch is undoubtedly a more lightweight choice, making it more suitable for business travelers. In addition to the Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch Collector's Edition, the MatePad Pro 13.2-inch Starlight Package and MatePad Pro 11-inch Starlight Package are also worth paying attention to. The two packages include a tablet, the industry's first Starlight keyboard, Huawei Smart Magnetic Keyboard (Starlight Edition), and HUAWEI M-Pencil (Third Generation) handwriting pen. All products are also built around Starlight technology, bringing a leading professional creative experience. Overall, Huawei's release of the tablet Starflash package indicates that the new generation of wireless short distance communication technology, Starflash, is moving towards millions of households. The emergence of Starflash provides more choices for business people, making tablets, accompanied by keyboards, stylus, and headphones, comparable to thin and light laptops. It can be said to have epoch-making significance.

The portable WiFi can be plugged into a 4G card, which is actually a mobile hotspot that distributes mobile data signals. Of course, because it uses 4G network, you can take it everywhere and provide network for your phone and tablet wherever you go. But the shortcomings are: Firstly, its network latency is generally higher than routers because it distributes 4G of data. The latency of 4G is originally slightly higher than that of routers, and in addition, during the forwarding process, the portable WiFi needs to process data, so the latency is even higher. Secondly, the speed is slower. Currently, the 4G network speed is around 1-2M per second, but routers can generally reach speeds of over 10M. Thirdly, it uses traffic. If we all use it to access the internet, we will have to pay a relatively high amount of traffic every month. Even with a 4G network card, it is slightly more expensive than broadband fees. The router is connected to a fixed network cable, and the disadvantage of mobile WiFi is its advantage. There is no limit to traffic, faster, more stable, and lower latency. At the same time, it can only be fixed in one place, not flexible, and generally can only be placed at home. It is recommended to install broadband and configure routers for those who frequently need to access the internet; For long-term business trips, mobile WiFi can be considered.

WiFi wireless network is believed to be necessary in most families. WiFi is connected and used immediately, which is very convenient. However, due to the lack of awesome in router equipment and other reasons, the use of WiFi network is not as good as ever, and problems such as poor signal and network disconnection often occur. A more common phenomenon is that the router placed in the bedroom separated by a few walls in the living room cannot receive WiFi signals. It can be seen that the wall penetration ability of most routers is still quite poor nowadays. So why is the ability of routers to penetrate walls generally weak? Today, the author will give you a science popularization. The first point is the issue of transmission power. The higher the wireless transmission power of a router, the better its ability to penetrate walls. However, an important point is that if the transmission power of a wireless router exceeds 100mW, the electromagnetic radiation it releases may cause harm to the human body. Therefore, the country also stipulates that the transmission power of wireless routing products cannot exceed this value. Therefore, in the current market, The difference in transmission power values between routers is not significant, so when choosing a router, there is almost no need to consider this difference. There is a problem with the frequency of WiFi signals. The 2.4G frequency band is still the mainstream frequency band for various routing devices. Compared with the 5G frequency band, the 2.4G frequency band has a stronger ability to penetrate walls, but at the same time, the 5G frequency band also has the advantage of faster speed and less interference. Due to the interference signals generated by various appliances such as microwaves at home being in the 2.4G frequency band, if the router can only support the 2.4G frequency band, it is easily affected by the appliances. If the router can support both frequency bands at the same time, this problem can be perfectly solved. Therefore, dual band router products may be the best choice. Signal amplifier refers to an electronic component inside a router. Nowadays, many router products are also equipped with signal amplifiers, including PA power amplifiers, LNA low-noise amplifiers, and FEM signal amplification modules, etc. There are two types: built-in integrated and external independent. However, the effect of external independent signal amplifiers is better, so when choosing router products, glasses need to be polished.

What is the difference between Mesh and Relay as they both expand signal coverage? When many people choose routers, an important indicator of concern is whether the signal is good or not, and whether it can cover every corner of their home. In fact, for large or multi story buildings, a router is usually not enough. 5G signals are weak through walls, making it difficult to ensure good quality in every corner of the house. Before the emergence and popularization of Mesh technology, we mainly used wireless relay to expand signal coverage. Compared to wireless relays, Mesh completely compensates for the shortcomings of the latter and can be said to be the most ideal solution at present. Mesh system configuration is simpler The Mesh system is a whole, and adding Mesh nodes and modifying Mesh network settings are often simple. Modifying the information of the master node will automatically synchronize other routers in the entire Mesh network. Adding a new node also requires setting SSID, password, superior router, and other information, which will be automatically synchronized and networked. With just one click, you can easily complete the network configuration, which parents and children can use. However, line relays require configuring SSIDs and passwords one by one, and selecting the network that needs to be relayed is extremely cumbersome and has a high threshold. Mesh system can intelligently group, I fix it The Mesh system will dynamically construct the optimal network environment based on the number of nodes and network conditions. According to the layout and placement of the house, it can form a star shaped, chain shaped, or chrysanthemum shaped network, so that the equipment in the network can have excellent signal coverage and speed at any position. Even if one of the nodes fails, the Mesh network will rebuild the optimal network environment. This is also something that wireless relay mode cannot achieve. The network topology of line relay is fixed and defined by the user from the beginning, ensuring the optimal performance of the entire network method. After going offline, it may cause all nodes behind this node to crash and cannot be automatically repaired. The Mesh system can intelligently navigate and stitch roaming The Mesh system is a whole that guides devices to more optimal node routing based on signal strength, network interference, and load conditions. The entire process is seamless roaming, with no lag in playing games or video calls while walking. The line relay system and routers do not know each other's status and cannot actively guide devices to connect to better nodes. It is not possible to sew roaming between routers, and devices may experience significant disconnection when connecting from the main router to the relay router, resulting in a smooth experience for online games and videos. What are the characteristics of Mesh? After discussing the advantages of Mesh over wireless relays, let's take a look at the features of Mesh that make networking simpler, more convenient, and more user-friendly. Configure dynamic synchronization Configuring the entire network and configuring individual samples is simple. After configuring the master node information, the configuration will be synchronized to other node routers in the entire network. Supports mixed wired and wireless networking Some family study rooms have reserved internet cable outlets, but not in the bedroom. Mesh can be connected wirelessly in rooms with Ethernet cables, while continuing to expand Mesh wirelessly in rooms without Ethernet cables, achieving mixed use of wired and wireless, truly achieving good signal in every room. The nodes in the Mesh system will dynamically select the best superior node When a single new node is added to the Mesh network, it will dynamically connect to the best uplink node in the network. Network repair When a node disconnects from the Mesh network, other nodes in the network will recheck the optimal node and rebuild the connection. User needs to reset. Sewing roaming The Mesh system adopts the 802.11k/v protocol. When the machine moves between two Mesh routers, the Mesh system will guide the machine to connect to nodes with better signal and lower load routing based on comprehensive factors such as signal strength, road load, and end occupancy. The entire process is completely seamless, and the device can roam between multiple routers without feeling sluggish even when playing games or video calls. Spectral navigation When the signal deteriorates, the Mesh system actively navigates the device from the frequency band with poor signal to the frequency band with good signal based on signal strength and frequency band interference. For example, when there are too many devices on 5G and the traffic is too high and the channel is congested, the Mesh system will navigate the device to the 2.4G frequency band to ensure its signal and communication are normal. When the 5G signal is restored, it will move the navigation back to the faster 5G frequency band. We believe that users who choose WiFi6 routers will have higher requirements for network quality, so we insist on incorporating Mesh technology into the new WiFi6 products. I hope that every user of Xiaomi&Redmi routers can have a super stable, fast, and fully covered network at home.

I believe everyone still remembers the 2.4G and 5G signal channels mentioned earlier when we talked about how to strengthen WiFi signals. Many friends are actually very confused about their concepts. Today, I will share with you the knowledge points of 2.4G and 5G signal channels. 1. What are 2.4G and 5G Nowadays, most routers are dual band routers, which means that one router can set up two wireless networks. The default one is in the 2.4G frequency band, and the other is in 5GHz. They are all frequency bands of radio waves, and everyone should be familiar with the characteristics of radio waves, that is, the lower the frequency, the less attenuation in the propagation process, and the wider the coverage range. 2. The difference between 2.4G and 5G 1. Why do we usually choose to use 2.4G signals? Because at the same distance as the router, 5G signals are significantly weaker than 2.4G signals. According to the physical characteristics of electromagnetic waves, the longer the wavelength, the less attenuation, and it is easier to propagate around obstacles. However, 5G signals have high frequency and long wavelength, while 2.4G signals have low frequency and long wavelength. Therefore, although 5G signals have better wall penetrating ability than 2.4G signals, the signal after passing through is much weaker. 2. Will weak 5G signal affect network speed? It depends on the situation, network speed is not only related to signal strength, but also to the quality of the channel. After passing through obstacles, there may be a 3-bar signal in the 2.4G frequency band, but only a 2-bar signal in the 5G frequency band. If there is too much surrounding interference, the 2.4G frequency band of the 3-bar signal usually needs to be buffered when watching videos, etc. However, the 5G frequency band of the 2-bar signal is relatively smooth and does not require buffering. When using applications that require high network speed, latency, etc., using 5G signals will result in better performance. 3. Advantages and disadvantages of 2.4G and 5G Advantages of 2.4G: The 2.4G signal has a low frequency and less attenuation when encountering air or obstacles, resulting in a longer signal propagation distance. Disadvantages of 2.4G: The 2.4G signal has a narrow bandwidth, and most household appliances and wireless devices use the 2.4G frequency band, making the five hazard environment more crowded and causing significant interference. Advantages of 5G: The 5G signal has a wide bandwidth, a clean wireless environment, less interference, stable network speed, and can support higher wireless speeds. Disadvantages of 5G: The frequency of 5G signals is relatively high, and they attenuate significantly when encountering air or obstacles. The distance of signal propagation is generally shorter than 2.4G.

Wi Fi 6 (formerly known as IEEE 802.11. ax), also known as the sixth generation wireless network technology, has been established and promoted by the Wi Fi Alliance for over 4 years since 2019. According to the previous 5-6 year update rhythm of the Wi Fi Alliance, Wi Fi 6 has also reached a time when it needs to be updated and replaced. According to data from the Wi Fi Alliance, the demand for wireless bandwidth in the next generation of 360 degree AR/VR applications has reached up to 200Mbps, indicating that the current Wi Fi speed has gradually reached a bottleneck for the new generation of entertainment devices, and now it is time for faster, more stable, and lower latency network connections to provide a better user experience. Moreover, research reports from 2000 gamers in the UK and the US also showed that up to 97% of gamers have experienced latency issues, further emphasizing the importance of low latency for wireless connectivity. Wifi 6 Outdoor Wireless Ap Based on the above situation, the Wi Fi Alliance has launched a new generation of IEEE 802.11be standard, Wi Fi 7, to meet higher network connectivity requirements. According to the Wi Fi Alliance, Wi Fi 7 will further enhance the functionality and performance of Wi Fi networks, including higher data transfer rates, lower latency, and better network coverage. These improvements will help drive the development of AR/VR, gaming, and other high bandwidth applications, and provide a better user experience. So, what are the upgrades to the previous generation standards for Wi Fi 7, which will be fully promoted in 2024? Wifi 6 Wireless Router Firstly, the maximum transmission speed of Wi Fi 7 can reach 46Gbps (domestic 30Gbps), which is close to five times that of Wi Fi 6. This significant improvement is due to the new technology and more efficient signal processing algorithms adopted by Wi Fi 7, which enables it to transmit large amounts of data more quickly. Secondly, Wi Fi 7 will support more frequency bands, including 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz. In contrast, Wi Fi 6 only supports the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency bands, while Wi Fi 6E only supports the 6GHz frequency band. Multi band support means that Wi Fi 7 devices can better adapt to different network environments and application needs, providing more stable and reliable data transmission services. However, it should be noted that due to the allocation of frequency bands in different regions, especially since China has not allocated the 6GHz frequency band to Wi Fi, the 6GHz frequency band supported by Wi Fi 7 may vary domestically and internationally. Multi link transmission technology (MLO) is a multipath transmission protocol that allows data to be transmitted through multiple paths to improve network bandwidth utilization and reliability. In MLO, data is divided into multiple data blocks, each of which is transmitted along a different path. After receiving data blocks, the receiving end will recombine them into complete data using a certain algorithm. In practical use, in the era of Wi Fi 6, most routers will emit signals in two frequency bands, such as 2.5G and 5G signals. 2.5G signals have a wide coverage range, high stability, but slow speed; Although 5G signals have extremely high speeds, their coverage range is often limited, and we can only choose between two signals based on our usage environment. And with the use of multi link transmission technology in Wi Fi 7, our single network device can simultaneously connect two Wi Fi hotspots, such as 2.4G+5G and 5G+5G. Foreign countries have opened up 6G frequency bands, and even 5G+6G can be used. The advantages of doing so are obvious: due to the convergence of network speeds between Link1 and Link2, higher network speeds are achieved, allowing for faster throughput; Due to the simultaneous connection of two signals, when one of them encounters interference, it can dynamically switch to a better Wi Fi link on the other, thereby obtaining a more stable and low latency network connection. WiFi 5 Wireless Router In the era of Wi Fi 5, each channel can only send information to one receiver at the same time. In order to improve utilization, the concept of Resource Unit (RU: ResourceUnit) was introduced on Wi Fi 6. Wi Fi 6 uses a new Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology: multiple users can use the same channel simultaneously without interfering with each other. OFDMA technology divides the spectrum into multiple subcarriers, which can be independently used by different users. Each subcarrier can carry different data symbols, thereby achieving the goal of multiple users transmitting data simultaneously. Taking the 20MHz channel as an example, there are a total of 256 subcarriers in this frequency band, but only 242 subcarriers are effective. According to the regulations of the Wi Fi alliance, the minimum resource unit (RU) consists of 26 subcarriers. This means that within a channel, resources can be divided into different RUs, each containing a different number of effective subcarriers. Specifically, an RU can contain 26 (26 tone RU), 52 (52 tone RU), 106 (106 tone RU), or 242 (242 tone RU) effective subcarriers. In Wi Fi 7, the concept of Multiple Resource Units (MRUs) was introduced, meaning that a user can correspond to a combination of multiple RUs. For example, a user can use a combination of 26 tone RU and 52 tone RU simultaneously, or a combination of 484 tone RU and 996 tone RU. This flexible resource allocation method enables Wi Fi 7 to better adapt to communication needs in different scenarios, improve network bandwidth utilization, and enhance user communication experience. For the technology of leading code punching, it is not a completely new one and has already been applied in Wi Fi 6. However, due to cost constraints, it is an optional technology in the Wi Fi 6 standard and has not been widely promoted. In Wi Fi 7, this technology has become a mandatory standard, and all products that meet the Wi Fi 7 standard will support preamble punching. In the previous text, we mentioned that we generally improve the speed through channel bundling, that is, bundling 8 20MHz channels into one 160MHz channel. However, in practice, due to transmission requirements, priority control, compatibility, and other reasons, channel bundling can be divided into primary and secondary channels. For example, a 40MHz channel is often composed of a 20MHz main channel and a 20MHz auxiliary channel; A 80MHz channel typically consists of two 20MHz main channels and two 20MHz auxiliary channels, and so on. According to the channel bundling protocol, channel bundling must adhere to two principles: first, only continuous channels can be bound; Secondly, in bundled channel mode, the secondary channel can only transmit information when the main channel is clean and interference free. Before Wi Fi 7, it was common to encounter situations where once the auxiliary channel in the combination was interfered with, it could not be combined into a wider main channel. For example, in an 80MHz channel, if the 20MHz auxiliary channel was interfered with, the overall 40MHz main channel composed of it would be an unclean channel, and the 40MHz auxiliary channel would not be able to transmit information; Furthermore, if they are bundled into an 80MHz main channel, they will also lose their effectiveness. In the end, a 160MHz channel will only have 20MHz left for normal use due to interference from a 20MHz channel, and 7/8 channel resources will be wasted. And leading code punching was born to solve this problem. It can actively shield the interfered 20MHz auxiliary channel without affecting the main channel to form a wider channel. The 20MHz main channel can still form a 60MHz channel with the 40MHz auxiliary channel, and then form a 140MHz channel with the 80MHz auxiliary channel. Compared to the previous Wi Fi standards, the anti-interference ability of Wi Fi 7 has been greatly improved, and information can still be transmitted quickly even in interference environments. Finally, to summarize, compared to Wi Fi 6/6E, Wi Fi 7 has a maximum transmission rate of 30Gbps, which is a huge improvement compared to Wi Fi 6's 9.6Gpbs; In terms of bandwidth, Wi Fi 7 can reach up to 320MHz, which is exactly twice the size of Wi Fi 6's maximum 160MHz; In terms of modulation, the 4096-QAM of Wi Fi 7 can adapt to stronger transmission changes compared to the 1024-QAM of Wi Fi 6. Finally, combined with Wi Fi 7's stronger anti-interference ability in complex environments, according to relevant sources, the overall speed of Wi Fi 7 will have a chance to reach about three times that of Wi Fi 6.